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- So all the text files out there in the world already fit the role of a
- MIME body part. They don't need any headers, encodings, or anything.
- In fact, all the non text files qualify as MIME body parts too, if we
- associate them with the application/octet-stream content-type and the
- binary content-transfer-encoding.
-
- A MIME message is actually a special case of the body part concept.
- Along with the text/plain, image/gif, audio/basic,
- application/postscript etc. types, there's a message/rfc-822 type.
- That's where the headers and stuff come in.
-
- There's also a multipart/mixed type that encapsulates several body
- parts into one. It has some syntax that a lot of folks aren't crazy
- about, but it's just _one_type_ of body part.
-
-
- EIGHT BIT DATA, ENCODINGS, AND TRANSPORT
-
- The other area of confusion concerns eight bit data. MIME provides
- mechanisms for transport of eight bit data across mail transport
- agents that only grok limited character sets and line lengths. These
- mechanisms obviously increase the size of messages.
-
- But when used with 8-bit-clean transport mechanisms, the encodings are
- not necessary, and MIME adds no cost to data transport. From the RFC:
-
- As of the publication of this document, there are no
- standardized Internet transports for which it is legitimate
- to include unencoded 8-bit or binary data in mail bodies.
- Thus there are no circumstances in which the "8bit" or "binary"
- Content-Transfer-Encoding is actually legal on the Internet.
- However, in the event that 8-bit or binary mail transport
- becomes a reality in Internet mail, or when this document
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- is used in conjunction with any other 8-bit or binary-capable
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- transport mechanism, 8-bit or binary messages should be labeled
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- as such using this mechanism.
-
- That is, the MIME standard suggests that 8-bit data be labelled as
- such, so that gateways between 8-bit and 7-bit systems can recognize
- and encode such data.
-
- For example: a WAIS<->email gatway might retrieve a GIF image from a
- WAIS server. If the WAIS server stated that the data is type image/gif
- and binary encoded, the gateway could base64 encode the data and send
- it on its way through SMTP. On the other hand, if the server labelled
- the data 7bit text/plain, the gateway could pass it along without
- encoding.
-
-
- GOPHER SUPPORT FOR MIME
-
- Gopher defines several types of "objects." The basic types are text
- files and directories. Other types include various archive formats,
- telnet sessions, CSO servers, raw data files, and a few experimental
- types.
-
- One of the experimental types is 'M' for MIME messages, that is body
- parts of type message/rfc-822. I suppose that much of the opposition
- to using the MIME body part to model the Gopher object comes from
- folks who think that they'd have to put all their data into
- message/rfc-822 format.
-
- But I didn't suggest we use the MIME message/rfc-822 format for all
- Gopher objects: just use _some_ MIME format for all gopher objects.
- The fact is, their data is already in a MIME format: text/plain. And
- the experimental 'g' (GIF) type is already a MIME type: image/gif.
-
- The only Gopher objects that don't fit the MIME system are the ones
- that are not data streams at all: telnet sessions, CSO servers, etc. I
- don't know how (or if) they fit into the MIME model.
-
- There are some Gopher objects that fit the MIME model but are not part
- of the MIME standard (yet). For example, the directory listing that
- gopher servers send back could be called application/x-gopher for now,
- and eventually application/gopher (when it's spec'd out and registered
- with the IANA.)
-
- The gopher protocol can be enhanced one time to support the myriad of
- multimedia data formats by including a content-type field in gopher
- listings.
-
- The Gopher+ protocol has even more in common with MIME. In Gopher+,
- each gopher object has a bunch of ancillary information such as the
- maintainer, size, format, etc. A Gopher+ object and its ATTRIBUTES
- looks an awful lot like a MIME body part and it's encapsulating
- message. It seems a waste to define two competing standards for the
- same mechanisms.
-
-
- WAIS SUPPORT FOR MIME
-
- A WAIS document looks like a MIME body part too: a sequence of bytes
- with a type. The canonical WAIS type is TEXT. And like the type 'M'
- support in gopher, somebody hacked in support for a MIME type in WAIS.
-
- Again, I suggest that the MIME typing system be used in stead of,
- rather than inside, the WAIS typing system. That is, modify the
- Document-id Structure Definition so that
-
- :type <string>
-
- is obsoleted by
-
- :content-type <string> ;; as defined by RFC-1341
-
- The only two supported types are TEXT and SRC, whic translate neatly
- to text/plain and application/x-wais-src.
-
-
- WWW SUPPORT FOR MIME
-
- There was a question on www-talk about non-text data in WWW documents.
- It seems clear that using MIME body parts to model WWW documents is a
- natural step.
-
- The notion of a WWW address should be expanded to what I would call a
- reference, which is an address, a content-type, and any identification
- information (so that clients can test whether two references point to
- the same document.)
-
- The WWW client currently infers the content-type from the address. For
- the file: scheme, an .html extension implies HTML format -- other wise
- text is assumed. Documents from HTTP servers are HTML, which slams
- plain text inside SGML if necessary. Documents from Gopher servers are
- either plain text or gopher listings. I don't know what WWW clients do
- with WAIS documents that aren't text.
-
-
- FROM GLOBAL HYPERTEXT TO GLOBAL HYPERMEDIA
-
- The Internet currently serves as the backbone for a global hypertext.
- FTP and email provided a good start, and the gopher, WWW, or WAIS
- clients and servers make wide area information browsing simple. These
- systems even interoperate, with email servers talking to FTP servers,
- WWW clients talking to gopher servers, on and on.
-
- This currently works quite well for text. But what should WWW clients
- do as Gopher and WAIS servers begin to serve up pictures, sounds,
- movies, spreadsheet templates, postscript files, etc.? It would be a
- shame for each to adopt its own multimedia typing system.
-
- If they all adopt the MIME typing system (and as many other features
- from MIME as are appropriate), we can step from global hypertext to
- global hypermedia that much easier.
-
-
- READ IT YOURSELF
-
- Attached is the text of the MIME RFC. Enjoy.
-
-